Peripheral Khoisan etymology : Query result

Number : 81

Proto-Bushman : *ǂkxa- (?)

Meaning : foot

Proto-!Wi : *ǂkxa-

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : A dubious !Wi isogloss.

Number : 82

Proto-Bushman : *ɡ!aʔi (?)

Meaning : full

Proto-Ju : *ɡ!ãʔĩ

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Notes : An isolated NK root.

Number : 83

Proto-Bushman : *!qau- (?)

Meaning : full

Proto-!Wi : *!qãũ

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : An isolated !Wi root with dubious phonology.

Number : 84

Proto-Bushman : *ɡ!u^hm

Meaning : full, heavy

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Taa : *ɡ!ùm^h

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Notes : An isolated Taa root (with interesting external parallels in CK).

Number : 85

Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀV-

Meaning : to give

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǀʼa ~ *ǀʼã

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɳǀV̀

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ɳǀV

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : This morpheme is most frequently used in an auxiliary meaning, denoting imperatives or even tense and aspect status. Cf., however, also PNK *ǀʔa(^ŋ) "to give", which may be related to all these forms if *ɳǀV- represents an early variant of the former with the nasality transferred from vowel onto click efflux.

Number : 86

Proto-Bushman : *a[-u]

Meaning : to give, let

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *au

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-!Wi : *a

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : For some reason, the root is only attested in Bleek's dictionary, although some external parallels can be found in CK.

Number : 87

Proto-Bushman : *ƛV

Meaning : to give

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Taa : *!qhá

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *!au

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *šu

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Number : 88

Proto-Bushman : *ža(ʔ)-

Meaning : good; to thank

Proto-Ju : *žã

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *tàʔńa

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Number : 89

Proto-Bushman : *!ãĩ

Meaning : good

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *kãĩ ~ *!ai

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-!Wi : *ǂãĩ (?)

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Number : 90

Proto-Bushman : *q[h]ai[-n]

Meaning : good

Proto-Taa : *qái (*-ã́ĩ)

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *qhai

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *qhãẽ

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : The correspondence PT *q : ǂHoan qh does not seem completely regular, but it is obvious that the words belong together.

Number : 91

Proto-Bushman : *ɡǀa̰-[nV/Vn] (?)

Meaning : green, blue

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǀauŋ

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɡǀā̰

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀa

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *zaʔa (?)

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Number : 92

Proto-Bushman : *ƛ_au

Meaning : hand

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ɡ!̯au

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *šiu

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Number : 93

Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀʷa-

Meaning : head

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ʼɳǀe

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɳǀà

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ɳǀa

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *ʔʘnũ

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : The auslaut presents almost as many problems as the anlaut here. It is hardly possible that PNK *-e corresponds to PSK *-a; more probable is that PNK *-e < *-a-i, where -i is a fossilized class suffix, whereas in SK the word was either used without a suffix or with a final *-n.

Number : 94

Proto-Bushman : *t́V̰

Meaning : to hear

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *saʔa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *tá̰

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *t́u

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *ca

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Traces of old ablaut can be seen in PSK (!Wi *t́u vs. Taa *tá̰).

Number : 95

Proto-Bushman : *ǀ₁kʔV-

Meaning : heart

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *!xʼa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀqʔà

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀɛ

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *!qʔõ

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Number : 96

Proto-Bushman : *!khU

Meaning : horn

Proto-Ju : *!ʰu

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *!ho

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Cf. *ǀǀqhɛ̃ "tooth"? The two roots are in complementary distribution and phonetically the comparison would be plausible. However, it is still too early to make any final conclusions.

Number : 97

Proto-Bushman : *ǀǀãẽ

Meaning : horn

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Taa : *ǀǀã̄(ẽ)

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀǀqhẽĩ

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : A SK isogloss.

Number : 98

Proto-Bushman : *ŋ

Meaning : 1st person pronoun

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *mi ~ *ma

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ŋ

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ŋ

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *ma

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Number : 99

Proto-Bushman : *!khõ

Meaning : to kill

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *!ʰũ

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *!hõ

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Number : 100

Proto-Bushman : *ǀhV (?)

Meaning : to kill

Proto-!Wi : *ǀhV

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : A !Wi isogloss with dubious phonetics (however, definitely distinct from PSK *ǀʔa to die).